The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity.
The effects of a very-low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat weight-loss diet (LC) on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and markers of endothelial function are unknown. ⋯ An LC does not impair FMD. We observed beneficial effects of both diets on most of the CVD risk factors measured. This trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as ACTR N0 12606000203550.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immune function and leukocyte sequestration under the influence of parenteral lipid emulsions in healthy humans: a placebo-controlled crossover study.
It remains unclear whether immune modulation by lipids contributes to the high risk of infectious complications that is associated with the use of parenteral nutrition. Although mixed long- and medium-chain triacylglycerol (LCT-MCT)-containing emulsions, but not pure LCT emulsions, activate neutrophils and impair crucial leukocyte functions in vitro, in vivo studies have failed to corroborate these findings. ⋯ Short-term infusion of LCT-MCT (but not LCT) to healthy humans modulates leukocyte population counts but, in clear contrast with the in vitro situation, does not induce neutrophil activation. These disparate findings cannot be explained by MCT-induced leukocyte sequestration.
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Abdominal obesity, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite an elevated risk of CHD mortality in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), neither abdominal adipose tissue accumulation nor the validity of waist circumference (WC) has been determined in persons with SCI. ⋯ High levels of VAT exist in young people with SCI who classify themselves as active and healthy. WC may be a valid surrogate measure of VAT in this population and serve as a tool for clinicians to identify those at risk of CHD.
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Review Meta Analysis
Glycemic response and health--a systematic review and meta-analysis: the database, study characteristics, and macronutrient intakes.
Reduction of dietary glycemic response has been proposed as a means of reducing the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Its role in health maintenance and management, alongside unavailable carbohydrate (eg, fiber), is incompletely understood. ⋯ Among GI studies, observed reductions in glycemic load are most often not solely due to substitution of high for low glycemic carbohydrate foods. Available carbohydrate intake is a confounding factor. The role of unavailable carbohydrate remains to be accounted for.
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Review Meta Analysis
Glycemic response and health--a systematic review and meta-analysis: relations between dietary glycemic properties and health outcomes.
Reduction of dietary glycemic response has been proposed as a means of reducing the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. The impact of glycemic response on markers of health remains to be elucidated. ⋯ Consumption of reduced glycemic response diets are followed by favorable changes in the health markers examined. The case for the use of such diets looks compelling. Unavailable carbohydrate intake is equally important.