Journal of psychosomatic research
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Multicenter Study
Gender and the nocebo response following conditioning and expectancy.
To investigate the role of Pavlovian conditioning and expectancy and of gender on the nocebo effects. ⋯ Women responded stronger to conditioning while men responded to expectancies, but to a lesser degree. It needs to be determined whether this is restricted to nausea-specific conditions or can be generalized across clinical and experimental conditions.
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While recent studies have suggested an association between obesity and common mental disorders, findings across different studies have varied and the nature of any relationship remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and two different measures of obesity in a large community-based sample. ⋯ Abdominal fat distribution (as measured by WHR) appears to be the key mediator in the relationship between obesity and depression. Increased BMI was not independently associated with depression and may provide some protection against anxiety. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that links obesity and depression via metabolic disturbances involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
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To determine whether obesity is associated with a variety of psychiatric outcomes after taking into account physical health conditions. ⋯ Independent of physical health conditions, obesity was associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior in the Canadian population. Possible mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings are considered.