Journal of psychosomatic research
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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have often been related to sleep bruxism and elevated nocturnal masseter muscle activity (NMMA). However, previous studies have revealed controversial results, and the role of somatization, depression and anxiety has not been studied in this context. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NMMA and pain intensity, TMD related symptoms, somatoform symptoms, depression, and anxiety in chronic TMD. ⋯ Chronic TMD is associated with elevated levels of psychopathology. These findings suggest a common link between NMMA, somatization, and symptom intensity in chronic TMD.
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The analysis of clinical trials in delirium is typically complicated by treatment dropouts and by the fact that even untreated individuals may have a good prognosis. These features of delirium trials warrant special statistical attention; implications for each stage of a trial planning process are described. ⋯ It is hoped that the methods described, and nonlinear models in particular, will play a part in convincing analyses of future delirium research.
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Direct inpatient and outpatient healthcare costs as well as indirect costs (e.g. productivity losses) are hypothesized to be increased in chronic back pain (CBP) patients with mental disorders. The aim of this systematic review is to examine this hypothesis by comparing costs in CBP patients with and without mental disorders. ⋯ The results indicate increased direct but not indirect costs in CBP patients with mental disorders. However, the evidence is limited due to the low number of studies per outcome. This is all the more problematic, since the adequate allocation of healthcare resources will become a major topic of health care policy due to limited resources.
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Comparative Study
Screening for anxiety and depression in dialysis patients: comparison of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.
Although anxiety and depression are frequent comorbid disorders in dialysis patients, they remain underrecognized and often untreated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a truncated version of the BDI, the Cognitive Depression Index (CDI), as screening tools for anxiety and depression in dialysis patients. ⋯ The BDI, CDI and HADS demonstrated acceptable performance as screening tools for depression, as did the HADS-A for anxiety, in our sample of dialysis patients. The recommended cut-off scores for each instrument were: ≥ 17 for BDI, ≥ 11 for CDI, ≥ 7 for HADS depression subscale, ≥ 6 for HADS anxiety subscale and ≥ 14 for HADS total. The CDI did not perform better than the BDI in our study. Lower cut-off for the HADS-A than recommended in medically ill patients may be considered when screening for anxiety in dialysis patients.
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To validate a Spanish version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), a measure of perceived injustice, in a fibromyalgia sample and to examine its relationship with pain catastrophising and pain acceptance. ⋯ The IEQ is a reliable assessment tool for measuring PI among patients with fibromyalgia. PI seems to be distinct from catastrophising, although the two constructs are very similar. The factor analysis showed that PI and acceptance represent related constructs, and this entails relevant implications for therapy, as acceptance-based interventions would be appropriate.