The Journal of urology
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The Journal of urology · Dec 2004
Graft function after kidney transplantation from non-heartbeating donors according to maastricht category.
Donor shortages have led to some groups using alternative sources such as non-heartbeating donors (NHBDs). Kidneys from NHBDs suffer from warm ischemia at cardiac arrest which is reflected by acute tubular necrosis of the allograft, resulting in a period of delayed graft function. NHBDs are categorized by the circumstances surrounding the agonal events of death which reflect differences in the likelihood of ischemic injury to the kidney. In this study we determined the impact of ischemic injury on the renal function of kidneys procured from different categories of NHBDs. ⋯ Early graft function is poorest in kidneys derived from Maastricht category II donors and best in category IV with III in-between. However, after 3 months the function of kidneys from all donors is the same.
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The Journal of urology · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialBicalutamide (150 mg) versus placebo as immediate therapy alone or as adjuvant to therapy with curative intent for early nonmetastatic prostate cancer: 5.3-year median followup from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 6.
We evaluated the benefits of adding 150 mg bicalutamide to standard care, that is radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or watchful waiting (WW), in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. ⋯ Bicalutamide (150 mg) provides significant benefit in patients with locally advanced disease. In previously untreated patients there may be a tumor burden below which endocrine therapy provides no benefit or may even decrease survival.
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The Journal of urology · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialBicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the second analysis of the early prostate cancer program at median followup of 5.4 years.
We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 150 mg bicalutamide daily given in addition to standard care, in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. ⋯ This analysis confirms that bicalutamide provides benefit in patients with locally advanced disease. The current data suggest that early or adjuvant hormonal therapy for patients at low risk of disease progression, such as those with localized disease, is not appropriate.
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The Journal of urology · Nov 2004
Block of external urethral sphincter contraction by high frequency electrical stimulation of pudendal nerve.
High frequency electrical stimulation (1 to 10 kHz) of the pudendal nerve was evaluated as a method to block the external urethral sphincter contractions and increases in intraurethral pressure induced by electrical stimulation of pudendal nerve efferent axons. ⋯ Reversible block of the external urethral sphincter contractions by high frequency electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerves is a potential method for suppressing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and improving voiding in spinal cord injured patients.
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This study compiles all cases of urological injuries reported in the Civil War (1861 to 1865). ⋯ Wounds involving genitourinary organs and their consequences had a significant impact during the Civil War. As the war progressed, despite the limited means at their disposal surgeons learned how to better treat devastating urological injuries, resulting in improved survival and fewer severe complications.