Pediatrics
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Comparative Study
Accidental and nonaccidental poisonings as a cause of apparent life-threatening events in infants.
Apparent life-threatening events are a relatively common event in children for which there may be a number of causes. Previous reports have suggested that poisonings, either accidental or intentional, may be causes of some events. However, this theory has not been systematically studied. ⋯ A substantial number of children presenting to the emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event had a positive toxicology screen result. In particular, a number of children were found to have been given an over-the-counter cold preparation. We would recommend that toxicology screens be included as part of the routine evaluation of children who present with an apparent life-threatening event.
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The purpose of this work was to comprehensively examine diving-related injuries in the United States among children and adolescents <20 years of age. ⋯ To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine recreational and competitive diving-related injuries among children and adolescents using a nationally representative sample. These results can help inform pediatricians, parents, coaches, and trainers regarding injuries seen during recreational and competitive diving and can help guide future prevention efforts.
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Comparative Study
Supplemental oxygen compromises the use of pulse oximetry for detection of apnea and hypoventilation during sedation in simulated pediatric patients.
The goal was to assess the time to recognition of apnea in a simulated pediatric sedation scenario, with and without supplemental oxygen. ⋯ Hypoventilation and apnea are detected more quickly when patients undergoing sedation breathe only air. Supplemental oxygen not only does not prevent oxygen desaturation but also delays the recognition of apnea.
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Preterm infants are at increased risk to develop insulin resistance and high blood pressure. The influence of growth during childhood is not well established. ⋯ Young adults born preterm have lower insulin sensitivity and higher blood pressure than controls. Increments in height and weight during childhood are associated with lower insulin sensitivity and higher blood pressure in adulthood.