Pediatrics
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Comparative Study
Analysis of rotavirus antigenemia and extraintestinal manifestations in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
This study was conducted to examine the association between rotavirus antigenemia and clinical features, particularly extraintestinal manifestations, and the association between serum cytokine levels and rotavirus antigen quantity. ⋯ Rotavirus antigenemia is frequently observed in a patient's serum during the acute phase, and viral antigen levels change dramatically during the acute phase of the illness. Because patients with fever had higher rotavirus antigen levels, antigenemia severity might contribute to fever. The host immune response plays an important role in controlling antigenemia levels.
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The objective of this analysis was to compare the neonatal mortality rates for infants delivered through primary cesarean section versus vaginal delivery, taking into consideration a number of potentially risk-modifying conditions. ⋯ Cesarean section does seem to provide survival advantages for the most immature infants delivered at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation, independent of maternal risk factors for cesarean section.
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Multicenter Study
Pediatric traumatic brain injury is inconsistently regionalized in the United States.
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death in children. On the basis of evidence of better outcomes, the American College of Surgery Committee on Trauma recommends that children with severe traumatic brain injury receive care at high-level trauma centers. We assessed rates of adherence to these recommendations and factors associated with adherence. ⋯ Despite evidence for improved outcomes of severely injured children admitted to high-level trauma centers, we found that almost one third of the children with severe traumatic brain injury failed to receive care in such centers. Only 2 of 6 states and less than one fifth of 68 health care referral regions were well regionalized. This study highlights problems with current pediatric trauma care that can serve as a basis for additional research and health care policy.
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Comparative Study
Child versus adult research: the gap in high-quality study design.
The objective of this study was to determine whether there were differences in study design and purpose between published child- and adult-focused clinical research. ⋯ In 6 leading generalist and specialist journals, studies involving adults were significantly more likely than child studies to be randomized, controlled trials, systematic reviews, or studies of therapies. If such studies are to be viewed as the highest possible quality of evidence, then this difference has implications for quality of care for children and for funding and future directions in clinical research involving children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intranasal budesonide treatment for children with mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Intranasal corticosteroids have been advanced as a nonsurgical therapeutic alternative for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, particularly for patients with mild disease, and aims at reducing the size of hypertrophic adenotonsillar tissue. ⋯ A 6-week treatment with intranasal budesonide effectively reduced the severity of mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the magnitude of the underlying adenoidal hypertrophy, and this effect persisted for at least 8 weeks after cessation of therapy. These findings justify the use of topical steroids as the initial therapeutic option in otherwise healthy children with mild obstructive sleep apnea.