Arch Pediat Adol Med
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Jan 2001
Comparative StudyCounseling smoking parents of young children: comparison of pediatricians and family physicians.
Secondhand smoke is a major cause of morbidity in young children, and exposure to smoking parents is the principal source. Physician visits for young children present an opportunity to effect behavioral change among smoking parents. ⋯ Pediatricians appear to lack training to implement smoking cessation counseling with smoking parents. Physicians in private practice are less likely to counsel smoking parents. Educational interventions for pediatricians are needed to decrease secondhand smoke exposure for young children.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Jan 2001
Case ReportsAre overreferrals on developmental screening tests really a problem?
Developmental screening tests, even those meeting standards for screening test accuracy, produce numerous false-positive results for 15% to 30% of children. This is thought to produce unnecessary referrals for diagnostic testing or special services and increase the cost of screening programs. ⋯ Children overreferred for diagnostic testing by developmental screens perform substantially lower than children with true-negative scores on measures of intelligence, language, and academic achievement-the 3 best predictors of school success. These children also carry more psychosocial risk factors, such as limited parental education and minority status. Thus, children with false-positive screening results are an at-risk group for whom diagnostic testing may not be an unnecessary expense but rather a beneficial and needed service that can help focus intervention efforts. Although such testing will not indicate a need for special education placement, it can be useful in identifying children's needs for other programs known to improve language, cognitive, and academic skills, such as Head Start, Title I services, tutoring, private speech-language therapy, and quality day care.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Jan 2001
Health effects related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
To determine the effects of prenatal and postnatal smoke exposure on the respiratory health of children in the United States. ⋯ We investigated recent ETS exposures as important predictors of respiratory health outcomes in children 4 years and older. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure affects children of all ages, although the exact effects may vary between age groups.
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Contact with hot oven doors is an important cause of burns in pediatric patients. These burns are of particular concern because of their frequent localization to the hands, with the resulting negative implications for financial cost, long-term cosmesis, and hand function. A 5-year review of pediatric oven door burn cases admitted to a burn referral center was conducted. ⋯ The median length of hospital stay was 10 days. In 7 cases, burns were sustained from contact to an external surface of the oven. Based on the results obtained, we propose several prevention strategies.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Jan 2001
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialRandomized trial of enhanced anticipatory guidance for injury prevention.
To develop and evaluate an injury prevention anticipatory guidance training program for pediatric residents. ⋯ The frequency and impact of pediatric counseling can be enhanced by experiential training that targets specific injury hazards. Because low-income families face many barriers to carrying out the recommended safety practices, supplemental strategies are needed to ensure safer homes.