Arch Pediat Adol Med
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Apr 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialAnalgesia and sedation in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support: results from the NOPAIN trial. Neonatal Outcome and Prolonged Analgesia in Neonates.
Preterm neonates are exposed to multiple painful procedures after birth and exhibit acute physiological responses to pain. Occurrence of early intraventricular hemorrhage within 24 to 72 hours after birth suggests a role of pain and stress in the multifactorial causation of severe intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. We proposed that such neurologic outcomes in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support may be reduced by morphine analgesia or midazolam sedation compared with a placebo. ⋯ This pilot trial suggests that preemptive analgesia given by continuous low-dose morphine infusion may reduce the incidence of poor neurologic outcomes in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support. Limitations in the sample size of this pilot study suggest that these results should be confirmed in a large multicenter randomized trial.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Apr 1999
Development and validation of the injury severity assessment survey/parent report: a new injury severity assessment survey.
To develop and pilot test a telephone-based survey instrument that enables parents to identify and characterize the body region and severity of childhood injuries using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scoring system. ⋯ A new telephone-based survey has been developed that enables parents to characterize their child's injuries by body region and to differentiate between minor injuries and more significant injuries using a well-established injury classification system. This survey has a significant advantage over previous telephone-based or written surveys of childhood injuries and may be particularly valuable in population-based (e.g., random-digit dial surveys) or multi-institutional studies of pediatric injuries.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Apr 1999
Bruises in infants and toddlers: those who don't cruise rarely bruise. Puget Sound Pediatric Research Network.
To determine the frequency and location of bruises in normal infants and toddlers, and to determine the relationship of age and developmental stage to bruising. ⋯ Bruises are rare in normal infants and precruisers and become common among cruisers and walkers. Bruises in infants younger than 9 months and who are not yet beginning to ambulate should lead to consideration of abuse or illness as causative. Bruises in toddlers that are located in atypical areas, such as the trunk, hands, or buttocks, should prompt similar concerns.