Arch Pediat Adol Med
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To examine factors associated with cessation of smoking in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who smoke cigarettes. ⋯ This study documents cessation of smoking in nearly one third of the adolescent smokers. The cessation rate among daily smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day is comparable with adult cessation rates. Adolescents who are less addicted, measured by low frequency of cigarette use, are more likely than daily users to quit. In addition, definite intent to quit in the future predicts cessation, but only among occasional smokers. In contrast with adults, experience with quitting was not associated with a higher likelihood of cessation. Pediatricians should focus on keeping occasional smokers from moving into daily smoking status, where nicotine addiction begins to play a prominent role in maintaining the behavior. Further study is needed to guide enhancement of the recruitment of adolescents into cessation, assessment of nicotine dependence in daily adolescent smokers, and appropriate use of nicotine replacement therapy in this group.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Mar 1998
Listening to parents. A national survey of parents with young children.
To document the child-rearing needs and pediatric health care experiences of parents with children from birth to 3 years old. ⋯ Most parents view the pediatric health care system as meeting the physical health needs of their young children. Parents want more information and support on child-rearing concerns, yet pediatric clinicians often fail to discuss nonmedical questions with them. The interventions of pediatric clinicians can positively affect parental behavior. Pediatric practices should consider creative ways to reconstitute and augment their current services and systems of care.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Mar 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialNeonatal circumcision. Randomized trial of a sucrose pacifier for pain control.
To assess the effectiveness of oral sucrose via a nipple compared with no treatment and dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) for alleviating pain in neonatal circumcision. ⋯ Sucrose on a pacifier is an inexpensive and effective method for pain relief in neonatal circumcision when DPNB is not desirable.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Feb 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialConsequences of inadequate analgesia during painful procedures in children.
To explore the effect of inadequate analgesia for painful procedures (bone marrow aspiration, lumbar puncture, or both) on the pain of subsequent procedures. ⋯ Inadequate analgesia for initial procedures in young children may diminish the effect of adequate analgesia in subsequent procedures.
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Arch Pediat Adol Med · Feb 1998
Predictors of death and neurologic impairment in pediatric submersion injuries. The Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score.
To evaluate the Pediatric Risk of Morality Score (PRISM score) as a tool to distinguish which patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) would survive neurologically intact from those who would die or survive with severe neurologic impairment following a submersion incident. ⋯ The PRISM scoring system accurately distinguished ED patients who would survive neurologically intact from those who would die or suffer neurologic impairment. There was not a specific PRISM score or probability of outcome that could distinguish PICU patients who would survive neurologically intact from those who would die or suffer severe neurologic impairment. The PRISM scoring system appeared to be more accurate in distinguishing intact survival from death or neurologic impairment in ED patients than in PICU patients.