Arch Iran Med
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It is unknown if the clinical manifestations and phenotype of disease are comparable between early- and elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to seek differences in disease phenotype, course, complications, and treatment between early- and elderly-onset IBD patients. ⋯ Early-onset IBD was associated with a more aggressive phenotype and higher prednisolone, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF use.
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Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death. Despite the great burden, there is lack of data regarding the trend of cigarette smoking in Iran. We described the national and provincial prevalence of cigarette smoking and its 12-year time trend utilizing six rounds of Iranian stepwise approach for surveillance of non-communicable disease (STEPS) surveys. ⋯ Although the prevalence of smoking had a decreasing trend in Iran, this trend showed disparities among sexes and provinces and this epidemiological data can be used to modify smoking prevention programs.
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Several studies have revealed that the aberrant expressions of forkhead box (FOX) genes are associated with carcinogenesis. However, the crucial biological functions of the FOX gene in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain unknown. ⋯ The FOX genes have a strong correlation with the poor prognosis for survival, tumor immunity, cancer-associated pathways, and biochemical processes that cause the pathogenesis of COAD.
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Epidemiological research on the high-risk population might be helpful in early detection and prevention of biliary tract malignancies. This study assesses the prevalence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) in the Golestan province, northeastern Iran, between 2004 and 2016. ⋯ The focus for cancer control in this region may be given to demographic groups with a combination of risk factors, including male gender, older age, and urban residence.
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Alloimmunization against blood group antigens is an important non-infectious complication of blood transfusion, and early detection of these alloantibodies by antibody screening before transfusion is crucial. Identifying which underlying factors will affect the occurrence of alloimmunization will be necessary to manage this event as accurately as possible. We aimed to assess the prevalence rate and main determinants of RBC alloimmunization among patients referred to a large referral blood bank in Iran. ⋯ Alloimmunization was more prevalent and more predictable among patients with hemoglobinopathies and those receiving recurrent transfusions. Therefore, a history of repeated blood transfusions should be regarded as a risk factor contributing to alloimmunization.