B Acad Nat Med Paris
-
Accomplishment of therapeutic clinical trials in the midst of an uncontrolled and devasta- ting epidemic in resource-poor communities is complex and challenging. Key issues rely to close collaboration between research and clinical teams involved in care in the field. ⋯ Research was integrated into care to inform clinical management of patients. This pioneer trial illustrates challenging inputs for producing scientific and ethical gains for the benefit of vulnerable populations in the context of an international emerging or re-emerging infectious disease event.
-
Despite a decrease in stroke mortality, the global burden of stroke is increasing worldwide, hence the importance of improving prevention, acute treatment and rehabilitation. Nume- rous randomized clinical trials have been performed in the acute treatment of the three main varieties of stroke, namely acute cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage and suba- rachnoid hemorrhage. ⋯ Stroke, however, is only the tip of the iceberg: MRI studies have shown the frequency of silent ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions contributing to cognitive impairment and eventually to dementia. This again underlines the needfor effective prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of stroke.
-
More than 1 240 species of bats are known; many of them are insectivorous, others are frugivorous and some american species are haematophagous. More than 100 diferent viruses are associated with these mammals, particularly Rhabdoviridae (Lyssavirus like rabies virus), Paramyxoviridae (like Nipah and Hendra viruses), Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg viruses) and Coronavirida (viruses causing SARS and MERS). ⋯ For those viruses, bats are efficient reservoirs and disseminators. So, they represent a significative risk for human and animal public health, that justifies to set up surveillance of bat-associated viruses and research programs about the particular immunity mechanisms of bats.
-
B Acad Nat Med Paris · Apr 2014
Review[Antidepressants do prevent suicide, at least pending something better...].
Suicide is a major public health problem worldwide, with about 1.5 million deaths each year France ranks 7th in the EU Patients with depression account for the majority of completed suicides. As most of these individuals are not adequately treated, it is conceivable that better treatment of depression would reduce suicide mortality. ⋯ Here we summarize data from the different types of studies that have cast a shadow over these drugs which can save lives when used effectively to treat depression. Better knowledge of the pathophysiology of "suicidal behaviour disorder" should identify therapeutic targets for innovative agents capable of preventing suicide.
-
Since the publication of the French national survey of violence against women in 2000, the fight against domestic violence has made steady progress. Knowledge of the phenomenon has significantly improved. A nationwide study of murders and manslaughters perpetrated by one partner of a couple against the other has been published annually since 2006. ⋯ A recent survey of 1472 French medical students showed that, while 90 % of them said they had received no training in this area, 93 % considered that doctors should play a role and 95 % said they felt highly concerned. Specific university diplomas have been created and domestic violence is now included in the midwifery curriculum. The delicate question of prevention remains to be resolved; a program is currently being tested.