J Formos Med Assoc
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To examine trajectories of change in sleep during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and whether specific demographic and disease characteristics predicted the initial levels of sleep and the trajectories of change in sleep parameters. ⋯ Poor sleep efficiency and longer sleep duration are common symptoms in acute TBI patients. Both head injury severity and age predicted the trajectories of daytime and 24-hour sleep duration during the acute phase of TBI, whereas gender predicted the trajectories of 24-hour sleep duration in the mild TBI subgroup.
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Cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and arsenic exposure are well known risk factors for developing urothelial carcinoma (UC). We investigated the combined effects of cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and the presence of urinary total arsenic on the risk of developing UC. ⋯ Individuals in a Taiwanese population who smoked cigarettes, were exposed to secondhand smoke, and a high urinary total arsenic level, had a significant risk for developing UC.
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Letter Case Reports
Treatment of neuropathic pain in acute intermittent porphyria with gabapentin.