Pak J Med Sci
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Generally, the blockage of upper respiratory tract in children is seen with the hypertrophy of adenoids and tonsils. Normally for patients with adenoid hypertrophy (AH), Adenoidectomy with or without Tonsillectomy is carried out, however it has its own complications like haemorrhage and recurrence of adenoid tissue. Consequently, therapeutic approach has increased extraordinary consideration rather than surgical procedure. The inflammatory process proposed for AH has prompted the utilization of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat this issue. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of Montelukast sodium in children with enlarged adenoids. ⋯ Montelukast sodium seems to be effective in the reduction of the size of adenoids and improvement in clinical manifestations. It can be viewed as a viable option in contrast to surgical treatment in children with hypertrophy of adenoids.
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This study aims to understand students' perception of the usefulness of end-of-clerkship (EOC) as compared to professional exam Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and to compare student performance in both examinations. ⋯ Although the EOC OSCE served as a good preparatory exercise, it did not alleviate the stress levels. However, the results in both OSCEs were comparable and students were satisfied with the current weightage of marks distribution.
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Due to their chemical properties, accidental or suicidal ingestion of batteries into the digestive system can cause fatal complications; Treatment should not be delayed and close monitoring is required. A 26-year-old male patient is treated by the psychiatry department with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder and depressive adjustment disorder. He consulted with the complaint of ingesting cylindrical AA battery for suicidal purpose. ⋯ However, the continuous movement of the cylindrical AA battery with lactulose treatment in the gastrointestinal tract and the support of this movement with abdominal radiographs can reduce the risk of fatal complications. When planning the battery treatment in the gastrointestinal tract, the location of the battery and whether it is mobile should be determined. While obstruction of oesophagus by batteries requires emergency surgical treatment, batteries that remained fixed in the stomach for longer than 48 hours need to be treated with surgical or endoscopic methods.
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MCQ's and SEQ's are the most widely used assessment tool in dental colleges across Pakistan. This study explores the impact of assessment tool: MCQ's and SEQ's on learning approach of dental students and also identifies correlation between these assessment tools and deep & surface learning approaches in integrated and discipline based curriculum. ⋯ Assessment tool has an impact on learning approaches used by the students. It was concluded that students used to prefer deep learning approach while preparing for SEQ's as they were designed at higher cognitive level, whereas, they preferred surface approach while preparing for MCQ's as they were developed at low cognitive order.
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To determine the level of satisfaction as hemodialysis a long term treatment and quality of life in patients off End Stage Kidney Disease ESKD on hemodialysis. ⋯ Most patients were satisfied with their decision of opting hemodialysis as treatment and care provided at dialysis centre, although Quality of Life was badly affected in terms of financial and psycho-social aspects. Employed, married with good income have good quality of life. Loopholes of unit environment and health education were also exposed. Despite the medical advancement and emerging techniques to make dialysis better, the outcome of hemodialysis has yet to reach a safe level and more work should be done to improve patient's outcome.