Presse Med
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Early and adequate resuscitation of patients with acute circulatory failure is important to restore the balance between oxygen needs and delivery. Haemodynamic management can globally be separated into three categories according to the VIP mnemonic - Ventilate, Infuse, Pump - which should be considered simultaneously in the patient with shock. Sufficient oxygen should be given early, and endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation performed without hesitation if there is any indication that oxygenation is inadequate. ⋯ Noradrenaline is the vasopressor of choice and should be started early. Dobutamine may be needed to improve myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Haemodynamic support should be personalized according to individual patient characteristics and global and regional parameters of haemodynamic and oxygenation status.
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Providing antibiotics is a life-saving intervention in patients with septic shock. Cultures as clinically appropriate before antimicrobial therapy are required. Guidelines recommend providing broad-spectrum antibiotics within the first hour after recognition of shock. ⋯ At 48-96h, the antimicrobial treatment should be systematically reassessed based on the clinical course and culture results. Cessation, de-escalation, continuation, or escalation are discussed according to these variables. Unnecessary treatment should be avoided to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens.