Presse Med
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Clostridium difficile infections represent the major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in 2012 and to assess the under-estimation of the disease in France. ⋯ The incidence of CDI in 2012 has increased in France compared to that of 2009 but is still underestimated because of a lack of clinical suspicion or a lack of sensitivity of methods used for toxin detection.
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The caregivers are exposed to several occupational hazards, including psychosocial risks. Among these occupational groups, junior doctors have been little studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among junior doctors and their links with their work. ⋯ A part of junior doctors is anxious and depressed, somehow due to the psychological demands of work and relationships with other junior doctors and with senior doctors.
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Dyspnea is a very common symptom that particularly worries the patient and his relatives. In terminally ill patients, there is no correlation between dyspnea and hypoxaemia. Although a specific cause may require an appropriate treatment, most of the time the treatment is symptomatic. ⋯ The airstream effect may improve patient's condition as well as oxygen itself. Facial masks impair communication with the relatives and are poorly tolerated over a long period of time. Accumulation of respiratory tract secretions occurs during the last days of life in half of the patients, due to excessive production, impaired swallowing, pulmonary edema and ineffective coughing.
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Energy drinks designate "any product in the form of a drink or concentrated liquid containing a mixture of ingredients having the property to raise the level of energy and liveliness". Their introduction has raised many reluctance and reserves after numerous cardiovascular and neurological injuries among regular consumers. ⋯ Repeated consumption of energy drinks increases the risk of somatic and psychiatric complications. Further studies must be controlled to improve our understanding of other possible negative consequences on health.
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France has adopted a new firearms regulation. Firearms are now classified into four categories (A, B, C, and D). The administrative procedure for acquisition and possession of firearms of categories B and C requires medical advice. ⋯ The hunting license application requires a medical certificate mentioning a state of physical and mental health compatible with the possession of a firearm. Its validity is acquired for life. The practice of shooting sports or skeet requires an annual medical certificate of non-cons in reference to the rules of sports federations.