Saudi Med J
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the antiemetic effects of ondansetron and dexamethasone on middle ear surgery.
To compare the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron and dexamethasone in adults undergoing middle ear surgery. ⋯ Ondansetron had a more significant effect on nausea and vomiting in the early period, however, no difference was found after 4 hours of administration. Furthermore, dexamethasone was found to cost less compared with ondansetron.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The preemptive use of diclofenac sodium in combination with ketamine and remifentanil does not enhance postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic gynecological procedures.
To evaluate the preemptive effects of diclofenac sodium, in combination with remifentanil and ketamine. ⋯ We have not found any preemptive or additive effect of diclofenac sodium with the concomitant use of ketamine.
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A rapidly spreading, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A H5N1 in the domestic poultry population has crossed the species barrier to humans and other mammalian species, thus, posing an increasing pandemic threat. The World Health Organization, other agencies, and countries worldwide are closely monitoring the prevalent influenza viruses and their related illnesses to detect any increased virulence or transmissibility that might signal the beginnings of any future pandemic. So far, the H5N1 virus has infected birds in more than 30 countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, while further geographical spread remains likely. ⋯ Although antiviral drugs and vaccination are among the most important measures to be used in case of an influenza pandemic, a timely supply of sufficient quantities will not be possible. This review describes various aspects of avian influenza in birds and in humans; epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis and clinical manifestations. Also presented are the global preparedness, the anti-influenza drugs and vaccines.
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To identify the pattern of the clinical, radiological, and diagnostic procedures of the diagnosed cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients presented to the Respiratory Medicine Division at King Hussein Medical Center over the last 10 years. ⋯ This study showed that active pulmonary TB patients vary in clinical presentation. The radiological manifestations of pulmonary TB are heterogeneous. Sputum for AFB remains an important, easy and inexpensive measure for TB diagnosis, but may not be always helpful in early diagnosis. Bronchoscopy with bronchial washings for Mycobacterium stain and culture is an important method, and it helps in confirming the diagnosis in sputum negative patients. In sputum and bronchial wash negative cases histopathological diagnosis can identify an important proportion of active pulmonary TB cases.
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To compare the effects of crystalloid and colloid solutions, tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid on the need for allogenic blood transfusion and on coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters. ⋯ When the negative effects of blood transfusions were considered, tranexamic acid administration can be recommended for decreasing the need for blood transfusion in gynecologic cancer surgery.