Pediatric clinics of North America
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Jun 1998
ReviewNew ways to ventilate newborns in acute respiratory failure.
Out treatment options for acute neonatal failure have expanded greatly in the last 20 to 30 years. This article reviews patient-triggered ventilation, high frequency ventilation, negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation, nitric oxide therapy, liquid ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and advances in pulmonary function monitoring. The authors present background theories, describe equipment, review clinical strategies, and the results of recent trials.
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Apr 1998
ReviewImpact of violence and the emergency department response to victims and perpetrator. Issues and protocols.
Research on the current epidemic of violence and its victims is limited. In the past decade, considerable attention has been focused in the area of domestic violence. Comprehensive emergency department (ED) domestic violence protocols have been developed and evaluated that address identification, treatment, safety issues, legal reporting statutes, and medical and psychosocial interventions. This article focuses on victims, perpetrators, and the occurrence of violence in the ED and describes issues and strategies for identification, intervention, and documentation.
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Apr 1998
ReviewViolence against children and adolescents. International perspectives.
Selected topics of violence against children and adolescents that occur in countries outside of the United States are discussed. Focus is given to middle-income and low-income countries and emphasis is placed on the epidemiology of this pressing public health problem, particularly on conditions that are peculiar to children and adolescents in international settings, such as female genital mutilations, wars, displacements, and land mines. The discussion of child maltreatment is presented in the context of child rearing and discipline in different cultures. Recommendations for action and violence prevention are offered in the light of vast cultural differences.
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Dec 1997
Review Case ReportsAcne. What every pediatrician should know about treatment.
Acne is one of the most common and easily treated diseases of adolescents. Scarring can be prevented in most cases with early and vigorous treatment. But such treatment requires patience, skill, and a commitment to good counseling.
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Pediatr. Clin. North Am. · Oct 1997
Review Case ReportsUrinary tract infections in children. Epidemiology, evaluation, and management.
Accurate documentation of UTIs in children is essential for proper evaluation and management. Urine cultures with multiple organisms or colony counts less than 50,000 to 100,000 CFU/ml should be considered suspect and require confirmation, particularly with clean-catch specimens. Children with well-documented UTIs should be evaluated based on their age and presenting symptoms. ⋯ Treatment of ABU does not seem necessary if the urinary tract is otherwise normal. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for children with frequent symptomatic recurrences of UTI and for those with known VUR. Diagnosis and treatment of underlying voiding dysfunction and constipation is an essential component of the successful management of UTIs in children.