Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
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Hematopoietic growth factors were found as factors stimulating hematopoietic colony formation in in vitro culture system using bone marrow cells as a source of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Erythropoietin, a growth factor stimulating erythroid lineage has now been clinically used as an therapeutic agent for anemia of chronic renal failure. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a growth factor stimulating the production of leukocytes including monocytes and neutrophils has been clinically used as an agent for leukopenic patients after anti-cancer therapy. ⋯ Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) is a most powerful agent for various kinds of neutropenia such as neutropenia after anti cancer therapy, neutropenia after BMT, aplastic anemia, chronic neutropenia of children and myelodysplastic syndrome. However, since G-CSF stimulates growth of leukemic cells in vitro, careful observations should be required when clinically used on leukemic patients. Clinical studies of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) are now in progress, in which a promoting activity of leukocyte production of these factors is evaluated.
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In burn patients, MRSA was detected in the wound from the early stage to the wound closure stage. It is after the middle stage that sepsis by MRSA occurs. In comparison with Gram-negative bacilli, MRSA caused fewer sudden deaths, except for complications of toxic shock syndrome (TSS); MRSA was not considered to have a significant effect. ⋯ Investigation of 35 Staphylococcus aureus sepsis patients (25 infected with MRSA) revealed that diagnosis is difficult when severe TSS occurs as a complication in sepsis. No correlation was found between toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production by the bacterium detected and the onset of TSS. These findings suggest strong dependency upon the action of another toxin or endotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and upon the immune condition of the host.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/PA inhibitor (PAI) complex and PAI, and platelet in the circulating blood. tPA/PAI complex and active PAI (act PAI; Teijin Co., Japan), and PAI antigen (PAI ant; Biopool AB, Sweden) were assayed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The mean concentrations (ng/10(9) platelets) in supernatant from lysate of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets were 27.1 +/- 9.2, 1.5 +/- 1.2 in tPA/PAI complex, 188.7 +/- 46.1, 83.3 +/- 7.5 in act PAI and 236.2 +/- 41.6, 191.9 +/- 45.1 in PAI ant, respectively. PRP was mixed with ADP (10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) M), for 3 min and the supernatant after centrifugation then was provided for assay of PAI and tPA/PAI complex. ⋯ Almost the same results were obtained, when collagen and other agents were used instead of ADP. This study revealed that platelets contained quantities PAI (as free PAI) and released PAI during aggregation, and that a part of the PAI immediately formed a complex with tPA. Those findings suggested that platelets may play an important role on the formation of thrombus, in the way of anti-fibrinolysis, in addition to novel platelet functions, such as aggregation.