Revista de enfermería (Barcelona, Spain)
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The physical methods to control body temperature, either to induce hypothermia, or to increase body temperature, can be of two types: physical methods of external heating or cooling and invasive methods that require complex procedures and technology. There are many strategies for the induction of hypothermia, all based on three of the four basic mechanisms of heat transfer, evaporation, convection and conduction. In the hospital environment the external cooling methods or surface (blankets of cold air or water circulation, plates of hydrogel Artic Sun, methods of cooling helmet) are the most widely used for the induction of therapeutic hypothermia. ⋯ The average physical external heating is based on the patient's ability to produce and retain heat or in the application of heat to the body surface of the patient (hot spring baths with hot water, air blankets, blankets of water). But when the answer to these methods are not sufficient or hypothermia is moderate or severe, other methods of internal heat are suggested: inhalation of oxygen or warm to 40-45 degrees C and wet by facial mask or endotracheal tube; intravenous (IV) infusion with hot solutions; Irrigation of body cavities with warm saline solution to 40-42 degrees C; peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis and hemofiltration; Continuous reheating arterio-venous or venous-venous; extracorporeal circulation with cardiopulmonary bypass. In this article each of the methods listed above will be described for the induction of hypothermia and overheating.
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To plan, implement and evaluate strategies for implementation of Checklist in a general surgery operating rooms and preliminary evaluation of the experience in view of the nurses. ⋯ The qualitative assessment is useful to know the attitudes, opinions and problems of nurses for the implementation of innovations that require interdisciplinary collaboration The application workload increases, but makes visible some activities. The broad participation of nurses reveal their involvement to promote patient safety, but also their training needs. It is essential to the awareness of all professionals to carry out the checklist, which can only be imposed if there is a culture change, innovation and safety and teamwork. For the test does not fall into the routine, it would be wise to do a periodic evaluation. The list should be clear, concise and reliable.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
[Effectiveness of arterial puncture with fine needle].
The arterial puncture is a procedure that patients and nurses are faced with suspicion by the pain it causes. We evaluate the effectiveness of a new protocol of arterial puncture with fine needle (paf) less painful and damaging. ⋯ Analysis of the variables of pain intensity compared pain and technical difficulty. Significant confirmation of the alternative hypothesis in favor of lower rates of pain and technical difficulty with paf.