Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · Apr 2012
Comparative StudyExposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and low socioeconomic status: effects on neurocognitive development and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring.
To examine the independent and synergistic effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and low socioeconomic status (SES) on neurodevelopment and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) outcomes. ⋯ Maternal GDM and low SES, especially in combination, heighten the risk for childhood ADHD. Long-term prevention efforts should be directed at mothers with GDM to avoid suboptimal neurobehavioral development and mitigate the risk for ADHD among their offspring.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · Mar 2012
Review Meta AnalysisPrevalence of child mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.
To assess the prevalence of child mental health problems in community settings in sub-Saharan Africa. ⋯ Evidence suggests that considerable levels of mental health problems exist among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. One in 7 children and adolescents have significant difficulties, with 1 in 10 (9.5%) having a specific psychiatric disorder. There are clear sociodemographic correlates of psychopathology that may place children in areas of greatest deprivation at greatest risk.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · Feb 2012
ReviewRelationship between attrition and neurodevelopmental impairment rates in extremely preterm infants at 18 to 24 months: a systematic review.
To assess the effect of loss to follow-up rates at 18 to 24 months on neurodevelopmental outcome statistics for infants of less than 1000 g birth weight or less than 28 weeks' gestational age. ⋯ Ascertainment bias may overestimate NDI in extremely low-birth-weight or extremely low-gestational-age survivors at 18 to 24 months. Alternatively, the characteristics of different populations and health systems may contribute to higher rates of attrition and higher rates of NDI.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · Jan 2012
Adolescent perceptions of risk and need for safer sexual behaviors after first human papillomavirus vaccination.
To (1) examine perceptions of risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), (2) examine perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, and (3) determine factors associated with less perceived need for safer sexual behaviors, all in the context of receiving the first HPV vaccination. ⋯ Few adolescents perceived less need for safer sexual behaviors after the first HPV vaccination. Education about HPV vaccines and encouraging communication between girls and their mothers may prevent misperceptions among these adolescents.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med · Jan 2012
Prevalence of polypharmacy exposure among hospitalized children in the United States.
To assess the prevalence and patterns of exposure to drugs and therapeutic agents among hospitalized pediatric patients. ⋯ A large fraction of hospitalized pediatric patients are exposed to substantial polypharmacy, especially patients with rare conditions.