Science
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Two-way communication between neurons and nonneural cells called glia is essential for axonal conduction, synaptic transmission, and information processing and thus is required for normal functioning of the nervous system during development and throughout adult life. The signals between neurons and glia include ion fluxes, neurotransmitters, cell adhesion molecules, and specialized signaling molecules released from synaptic and nonsynaptic regions of the neuron. In contrast to the serial flow of information along chains of neurons, glia communicate with other glial cells through intracellular waves of calcium and via intercellular diffusion of chemical messengers. By releasing neurotransmitters and other extracellular signaling molecules, glia can affect neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission and perhaps coordinate activity across networks of neurons.
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The time has come to resurrect a worldwide effort to control malaria, following decades of neglect during which the disease has resurged in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa and other endemic regions.
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Reduction in severe disease and death from falciparum malaria in Africa requires new, more effective and inexpensive public health measures. The completed genomes of Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles gambiae represent a big step toward the discovery of these needed tools.