Folia medica
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In recent research B. Celli et al. (N Engl J Med 2004;350:1005-12) proposed a complex grading system (which they designated by BODE) for predicting the mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ⋯ COPD patients who experienced frequent exacerbations in a previous year have significantly higher BODE score than those who experience infrequent exacerbations.
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Salmonellosis in humans is most often manifested as a self-limiting gastroenteritis. Antimicrobial therapy is superfluous in the milder forms of the disease and in Salmonella carriage but can be life saving for patients with septic salmonellosis and patients at risk of extraintestinal dissemination of the infection. The therapeutic approach is based on the clinical course of the disease and the patient's immune reactivity. ⋯ Alternative treatment may use azithromycin and imipenem in life-threatening systemic Salmonella infections. Aminoglycosides are considered ineffective in gastrointestinal salmonelloses. The emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones, production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and the increase of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains are major problems in the search for efficient antimicrobial therapy of Salmonella infection.