Folia medica
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Review
Ventilator-associated pneumonias in children (I)--diagnostic criteria, etiology and pathogenesis.
Ventilator-associated pneumonias have been estimated to be the second most common nosocomial infections among children treated in intensive care units. They occur in mechanically ventilated patients through intubation tube or tracheostomy, the inflammation usually involving the lung parenchyma. The ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with a longer antibiotic treatment, greater duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and higher mortality rates in children. ⋯ The disease etiology is associated with the typical causes of nosocomial infections in this age: P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The pathogenesis of the condition is inadequately studied but the aspiration of gastric contents and immune deficiency are proven risk factors. Two mechanisms have a major role in the development of the disease--micro-aspiration of gastric contents and colonization of the lower airways with pathogens.