The Journal of infectious diseases
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Candida parapsilosis is the third most frequent cause of candidemia. Despite its clinical importance, little is known about the human immunological response to C. parapsilosis. In this study, we compared the cytokine responses evoked by Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis. ⋯ Inhibition of the 3 classical mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 kinase, ERK, and JNK) revealed kinase-dependent differences in reductions in cytokine production by the 2 Candida species. Decreased cytokine production after inhibition of dectin 1 revealed that this receptor plays a major role in the recognition of both C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. These data improve understanding of the immune response triggered by C. parapsilosis, a first step for the future design of immunotherapeutic strategies for these infections.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate: a phase III randomized controlled trial in children.
Mismatch between circulating influenza B viruses (Yamagata and Victoria lineages) and vaccine strains occurs frequently. ⋯ NCT01198756.