The Journal of infectious diseases
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and immunogenicity of modified vaccinia Ankara in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA-BN, IMVAMUNE) is emerging as a primary immunogen and as a delivery system to treat or prevent a wide range of diseases. Defining the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-BN in key populations is therefore important. ⋯ NCT00565929.
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Antibodies against VAR2CSA, the Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigen that binds placental chondroitin sulfate A, have been suggested to mediate protection against malaria in pregnancy but also to be markers of infection. Here, we aimed to identify clinically relevant antibody responses, taking into consideration variations in parasite exposure and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection status. ⋯ Antiparasite IgGs in women at delivery are affected by HIV infection, as well as by variations in the exposure to P. falciparum. Heterogeneity of malaria transmission needs to be considered to identify IgGs against VAR2CSA and other parasite antigens associated with improved pregnancy outcomes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Safety and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: a randomized trial in 10-25-year-old HIV-Seronegative African girls and young women.
Cervical cancer is a major public health problem for women in sub-Saharan Africa. Availability of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could have an important public health impact. ⋯ The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was highly immunogenic and had a clinically acceptable safety profile when administered to healthy HIV-seronegative African girls and young women.
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and multiple organ failure. This study examined the effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), the TLR9 ligand, on polymicrobial sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. ⋯ CpG-ODN prevents CLP-induced cardiac dysfunction, in part through activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling. Modulation of TLR9 could be an effective approach for treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
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Comprehensive analyses of host, viral, and immune factors associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in adults have not been performed. ⋯ Multiple factors, but not older age, are independently associated with severe RSV infection in adults. The presence of underlying medical conditions had the greatest influence on disease severity.