The Surgical clinics of North America
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Jun 2010
ReviewFocused surgical skills training for senior medical students and interns.
Surgical skills laboratories have become an increasingly important component of technical skills training for learners entering surgical fields. This article describes the experiences with intensive skill preparation courses for senior medical students and interns. The advantages, limitations, and challenges of learning in the skills laboratory are described, and practical information is provided regarding the resources needed to carry out training for junior learners.
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Jun 2010
ReviewFLS and FES: comprehensive models of training and assessment.
The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic surgery (FLS) is a validated program for the teaching and evaluation of the basic knowledge and skills required to perform laparoscopic surgery. The educational component includes didactic, Web-based material and a simple, affordable physical simulator with specific tasks and a recommended curriculum. FLS certification requires passing a written multiple-choice examination and a proctored manual skills examination in the FLS simulator. ⋯ It is currently in the final stages of development and will be launched in April 2010. The program also includes learning and assessment components, and is undergoing the same meticulous validation process as FLS. These programs serve as models for the creation of simulation-based tools to teach skills and assess competence with the intention of optimizing patient safety and the quality of surgical education.
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With recent concerns regarding patient safety, and legislation regarding resident work hours, it is accepted that a certain amount of surgical skills training will transition to the surgical skills laboratory. Virtual reality offers enormous potential to enhance technical and non-technical skills training outside the operating room. ⋯ These systems can act as training and assessment tools, with the learned skills effectively transferring to an analogous clinical situation. Recent developments include expanding the role of virtual reality to allow for holistic, multidisciplinary team training in simulated operating rooms, and focusing on the role of virtual reality in evidence-based surgical curriculum design.
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Jun 2010
ReviewEmerging trends that herald the future of surgical simulation.
For the first time in over 100 years, there is a revolution in surgical education. One of the most important core technologies generating this revolution is simulation science, which includes not only the technology of simulators but new curricula, objective assessment methods, and criterion-based requirements. By reviewing the current status of simulation and making comparisons with the emerging technologies, an analysis of the gaps can demonstrate the necessary direction for the future.