The Surgical clinics of North America
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Sepsis and septic shock are not uncommon conditions in the surgical intensive care unit. Sepsis is a generalized activation of the immune system in the presence of clinically suspected or culture-proven infection. Severe sepsis is sepsis with organ system dysfunction. ⋯ Although the incidence of sepsis is increasing, the case fatality rate is falling. This improvement in outcome is in part due to bold initiatives like the Surviving Sepsis Campaign from the Institute for Health Care Improvement. In this article the authors present the epidemiology of severe sepsis and evidence-based campaigns for its treatment, with a focus on the surgical patient.
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Dec 2006
ReviewThe relationship between the surgeon and the intensivist in the surgical intensive care unit.
When a patient enters the intensive care unit, the admitting surgeon also enters a new environment. In some hospitals, the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) is "closed"--critical care providers manage care; in others the unit is "open," and the admitting surgeon is in charge. ⋯ It is written from the perspective of two surgeon-intensivists who have been in both roles. Recent behavioral and social research on ICU conflicts and their resolution is reviewed, and and new strategies for conflict resolution are also presented.
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Severe secondary peritonitis carries significant mortality, despite advancements in critical care support and other therapies. Surgical management requires a multidisciplinary approach to guide the timing and the number of interventions necessary to eradicate the septic foci and create optimal healing with the fewest complications. ⋯ These patients have a high risk of anastomotic failure and fistula formation. Allowing for aggressive resuscitation and judicious assessment of the progression of local inflammation are safe strategies to achieve the highest success and minimize serious and protracted complications in patients who survive the initial septic insult.
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Jun 2006
ReviewUnited States military surgical response to modern large-scale conflicts: the ongoing evolution of a trauma system.
This article provides a brief description of the evolution of military trauma surgical care since Operation Desert Storm and the ongoing evolution of the trauma system in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Jun 2006
ReviewCivilian preparedness and counter-terrorism: conventional weapons.
Most terrorist attacks involve conventional weapons. These explosive devices produce injury patterns that are sometimes predict-able. The chaos produced from these weapons can be greatly reduced with prior planning, response practice, and realization by the entire medical community of the need to participate in preparation for these devastating events.