The Lancet. Global health
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The Lancet. Global health · Feb 2019
Comparative StudyDisparities by province, age, and sex in site-specific cancer burden attributable to 23 potentially modifiable risk factors in China: a comparative risk assessment.
Understanding disparities in the burden of cancer attributable to different risk factors is crucial to inform and improve cancer prevention and control. In this report, we estimate the site-specific population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for 23 potentially modifiable risk factors across all provinces in China. ⋯ National Science and Technology Basic Research Special Foundation of China.
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The Lancet. Global health · Feb 2019
Age-targeted tuberculosis vaccination in China and implications for vaccine development: a modelling study.
Tuberculosis is the leading single-pathogen cause of death worldwide, and China has the third largest number of cases worldwide. New tools, such as new vaccines, are needed to meet WHO tuberculosis goals. Tuberculosis vaccine development strategies mostly target infants or adolescents, but given China's ageing epidemic, vaccinating older people might be important. We modelled the potential impact of new tuberculosis vaccines in China targeting adolescents (15-19 years) or older adults (60-64 years) with varying vaccine characteristics to inform strategic vaccine development. ⋯ Aeras and UK MRC.
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The Lancet. Global health · Feb 2019
Contraceptive use in Latin America and the Caribbean with a focus on long-acting reversible contraceptives: prevalence and inequalities in 23 countries.
The rise in contraceptive use has largely been driven by short-acting methods of contraception, despite the high effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptives. Several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have made important progress increasing the use of modern contraceptives, but important inequalities remain. We assessed the prevalence and demand for modern contraceptive use in Latin America and the Caribbean with data from national health surveys. ⋯ Wellcome Trust, Pan American Health Organization.
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The Lancet. Global health · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEffect of point-of-care C-reactive protein testing on antibiotic prescription in febrile patients attending primary care in Thailand and Myanmar: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial.
In southeast Asia, antibiotic prescription in febrile patients attending primary care is common, and a probable contributor to the high burden of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this trial was to explore whether C-reactive protein (CRP) testing at point of care could rationalise antibiotic prescription in primary care, comparing two proposed thresholds to classify CRP concentrations as low or high to guide antibiotic treatment. ⋯ Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund grant (105605/Z/14/Z) and Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) funding from the Australian Government.
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The Lancet. Global health · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialIndependent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial.
Child stunting reduces survival and impairs neurodevelopment. We tested the independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) on stunting and anaemia in in Zimbabwe. ⋯ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, UK Department for International Development, Wellcome Trust, Swiss Development Cooperation, UNICEF, and US National Institutes of Health.