Neurorehabilitation and neural repair
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Jun 2017
Long-term Outcome After Survival of a Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.
A cardiac arrest can lead to hypoxic brain injury, which can affect all levels of functioning. ⋯ Overall, long-term outcome in terms of activities, participation, and quality of life after cardiac arrest is reassuring. Nevertheless, fatigue is common; problems with cognition and emotions occur; and return to work can be at risk.
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Apr 2017
Posture-Dependent Corticomotor Excitability Differs Between the Transferred Biceps in Individuals With Tetraplegia and the Biceps of Nonimpaired Individuals.
Following biceps transfer to enable elbow extension in individuals with tetraplegia, motor re-education may be facilitated by greater corticomotor excitability. Arm posture modulates corticomotor excitability of the nonimpaired biceps. If arm posture also modulates excitability of the transferred biceps, posture may aid in motor re-education. ⋯ Corticomotor excitability of the transferred biceps is modulated by arm posture and may contribute to strength outcomes after tendon transfer. Future work should determine whether modulating corticomotor excitability via posture promotes motor re-education during the rehabilitative period following surgery.
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Apr 2017
Mild Acute Intermittent Hypoxia Improves Respiratory Function in Unanesthetized Rats With Midcervical Contusion.
Mild intermittent hypoxia has been considered a potential approach to induce respiratory neuroplasticity. ⋯ These results suggest that mild acute intermittent hypoxia can elicit differential forms of respiratory plasticity in sham surgery versus contused animals, and may be a promising neurorehabilitation approach to improve respiratory function after cervical spinal cord injury.
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Mar 2017
Proactive Response Inhibition and Subcortical Gray Matter Integrity in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with impairments in inhibiting prepotent motor responses triggered by infrequent external signals (ie, reactive inhibition). It is unclear whether proactive preparation to inhibit upcoming responses is also affected (ie, proactive inhibition). Successful inhibition relies on frontosubcortical interactions; therefore, impairments might be linked with gray matter atrophy in subcortical structures. ⋯ Our results reveal that proactive inhibition seems unaffected in TBI and that volume of subregions of subcortical nuclei is predictive for response inhibition proficiency and of clinical relevance in TBI.
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Jan 2017
Relative to Typical Antipsychotic Drugs, Aripiprazole Is a Safer Alternative for Alleviating Behavioral Disturbances After Experimental Brain Trauma.
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are used to manage traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced behavioral disturbances, such as agitation and aggression. However, APDs exhibiting D2 receptor antagonism impede cognitive recovery after experimental TBI. Hence, empirical evaluation of APDs with different mechanistic actions is warranted. Aripiprazole (ARIP) is a D2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist; pharmacotherapies with these properties enhance cognition after TBI. ⋯ These findings support the hypothesis and endorse ARIP as a safer APD for alleviating behavioral disturbances after TBI.