Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
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Antibiotic use is highly prevalent in long-term care facilities (LTCFs); a resident's annual exposure to at least 1 course of antibiotic is approximately 50% to 80%. The objective of this study was to understand the extent of antibiotic use in the population of residents in British Columbia's (BC) LTCFs from 2007 to 2014. ⋯ Antibiotic use in LTCFs is high relative to the general population. Our study underscores that stewardship in LTCFs should continue to focus on length of treatment, appropriate detection of urinary tract infections, and avoidance of treating URTIs with antibiotics.
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The goals of the Missouri Quality Initiative (MOQI) for long-stay nursing home residents were to reduce the frequency of avoidable hospital admissions and readmissions, improve resident health outcomes, improve the process of transitioning between inpatient hospitals and nursing facilities, and reduce overall healthcare spending without restricting access to care or choice of providers. The MOQI was one of 7 program sites in the United States, with specific interventions unique to each site tested for the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) Innovations Center. ⋯ As the population of older people explodes in upcoming decades, it is critical to find good solutions to deal with increasing costs of health care. APRNs, working with multidisciplinary support teams, are a good solution to improving care and reducing costs if all nursing home residents have access to APRNs nationwide.
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Depression increases disability and health care utilization in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ⋯ Presence of high depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with subsequent moderate-severe exacerbations and hospital admissions in patients with COPD over 3 years, independent of a history of exacerbations and other demographic and clinical factors. Targeted personalized medicine that focuses both on AECOPD risk and depression may be a step forward to improving prognosis of patients with COPD.
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Multicenter Study
Caring for a Person With Dementia on the Margins of Long-Term Care: A Perspective on Burden From 8 European Countries.
To explore associations between carer burden and characteristics of (1) the informal carer, (2) the person with dementia, and (3) the care support network in 8 European countries. ⋯ A range of factors are associated with burden in informal carers of people with dementia judged to be on the margins of LTC. Support for informal carers needs to take account of gender differences. The dual challenges of distressed behaviors and difficulties in ADLs by the person with dementia may be addressed by specific nonpharmacological interventions focusing on both elements. The potential protective effect of additional informal support to carers highlights the importance of peer support or better targeted home support services. The implementation of appropriate and tailored interventions to reduce burden by supporting informal carers may enable people with dementia to remain at home for longer.
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A consensus panel, based on epidemiologic evidence, argued that physical frailty is often associated with cognitive impairment, possibly because of common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The concepts of cognitive frailty and motoric cognitive risk were recently proposed in literature and may represent a prodromal stage for neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between cognition and the components of the physical phenotype of frailty. ⋯ Physical frailty and in particular slow gait speed were associated with cognitive impairment. Future research including longitudinal studies should exploit the association between cognitive impairment and frailty.