Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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To evaluate measurement and associations between pain severity and opioid craving in individuals with chronic pain on long-term opioid therapy and/or with opioid use disorder. ⋯ Pain severity and opioid craving are likely related, but inconsistencies in measurement limit confidence. The overall quality of evidence is moderate, and careful consideration of how pain and craving are assessed in both chronic pain and opioid use disorder patients is warranted.
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To quantify the representation of women trainees and faculty and to explore associations between them at Pain Medicine (PM) fellowship programs in the United States. ⋯ Women are underrepresented throughout all levels of academic pain medicine. The presence of women in leadership roles is associated with higher proportions of female trainees and faculty, highlighting the need for more female role models in academic pain medicine.