Pain medicine : the official journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine
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Intrathecal (IT) drug delivery has shown its efficiency in treating refractory cancer pain, but switching opioids from the systemic to the intrathecal route is a challenging phase. Moreover, associations are widely used and recommended. Few data deal with the initial dosage of each drug. Analyzing conversion factors and initial dosages used in intrathecal therapy seems essential to decreasing the length of titration and to delivering quick pain relief to patients. ⋯ Local anesthetic:morphine ratio should be considered when starting IDDS treatment. EaPR during the IT analgesia titration phase was associated with better pain relief and outcomes in patients with refractory cancer-related pain.
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To introduce the basic concepts of blockchain technologies in tackling the opioid epidemic. ⋯ Blockchain technologies may help support the efforts of different agencies in curtailing the opioid epidemic.