Pédiatrie
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The increasing aggressivity of the modern technology connected with neonatal resuscitation had led to the recognition by paediatricians of the existence of pain in the newborn, and of the necessity to treat this condition. The neurophysiological development of the neonate is such that it allows pain perceptions even in premature infants; a number of clinical parameters have therefore been described for pain recognition in neonates. An antalgic therapeutic scheme to be used for treatment of pain in the intensive care unit is proposed.
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Medulloblastoma is a frequent brain tumor in childhood. Recent advances in histogenesis, management of early and late side-effects, and prognosis are discussed in this review.
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In 1988, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in secondary modern schools from the city of Le Havre in order to assess the spread of health education regarding licit and illicit drugs and prepare a pedagogical kit including adolescent opinions on the subject. Through the school system, more than one adolescent out 5 had been taught about tobacco or alcohol, and 11% about illicit drugs. Only 6% had been informed about all 3 subjects, and 70% had not received any information. ⋯ Information related to potential health risk constituted the main source of satisfaction. Lastly, 62% of the adolescents were ready to set up a health promotion program on illicits drugs. This choice was not influenced by age, sex or school performance.
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During 1989, a nosocomial infection rate of 3.15% was observed among the 412 neonates hospitalised for more than 2 days in the paediatric intensive care unit and a special care baby unit in the medical centre of Nice. Certain factors only partially explain the above, and it is probable that the non-invasive methods of monitoring and care and the experienced nursing staff contribute to a great extent to this low frequency of infection.
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Lissencephaly is a rare brain anomaly characterized by a lack of cerebral sulci and gyri. We report 2 cases of lissencephaly syndrome with infantile spasms diagnosed by CT-Scan. We discuss the relationship between lissencephaly and infantile spasms, and attempt to estimate the frequency of infantile spasms in lissencephaly and the frequency of this cerebral abnormality among other etiologies of infantile spasms. The prognosis of infantile spasms is indeed variable, according to the presence of underlying cerebral abnormality.