Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi
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Review Case Reports
Subarachnoid Aneurysmal Hemorrhage Associated with Coarctation of the Aorta: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) that undergo rupture causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), are common in young patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA), but rarer in middle-aged and elderly patients. The pathogenesis of IAs associated with CoA remains unclear. We report the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with SAH. ⋯ Moreover, adult CoA patients tend to have multiple IAs, considered to be due to hypertension associated with CoA, as well as genetic predisposition. In CoA patients, ruptured IAs should be treated as early as possible before correction of the CoA. Close postoperative observation with management of cerebral vasospasm, renal or spinal cord ischemia, and respiratory compromise in the perioperative period is vital.
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Neuropathic pain (NeP) results from injury to, or disease of, the peripheral or central components of the neural systems involved in pain. In contrast to inflammatory pain, NeP can persist after healing from the initial injury has resolved. Antipyretic agents, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and acetaminophen are ineffective, while specific agents such as gabapentinoids, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and opioids are effective in treating NeP. In this review, we address the definition of NeP, pharmacotherapy for NeP in Japan, pain classification, setting goals for successful NeP medication, and the Japanese algorithm for the pharmacotherapy of NeP with specific prescription guidance.
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The number of cases of lymphocytic hypophysitis is small, although the condition is not rare. For optimal therapy, the correct diagnosis from imaging, immunological studies, and pathological findings from a pituitary biopsy is important. ⋯ Moreover, recent immune checkpoint blockade such ipilimumab has been shown to induce anti-CTLA-4-related hypophysitis. In the future, elucidating the immunological mechanism and establishing a suitable therapy will be necessary for accurate long-term prognosis.
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Heyde syndrome describes the triad of aortic stenosis, acquired coagulopathy, and anemia due to bleeding from intestinal angiodysplasia. An 87-year-old man with iron deficiency anemia due to melena was admitted to our hospital. On examination, a systolic murmur was heard and echocardiography confirmed the presence of aortic stenosis. ⋯ Twenty months after the operation, the gastrointestinal bleeding resolved and the patient no longer required blood transfusions. This is the first case report to describe an improvement in bleeding from angiodysplasia, one year after aortic valve replacement. It demonstrates the effective treatment of Heyde syndrome with aortic valve replacement, and highlights the importance of considering this differential diagnosis when evaluating patients presenting with repeated episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding and a concurrent systolic murmur.
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Case Reports
Midterm Result of Arthroscopic Bicruciate Ligament Sutures for Multiligament Knee Injury in an Adolescent Patient.
Treatment of multiligament knee injuries, especially in adolescent patients, is challenging for orthopedic surgeons. Repair of collateral ligaments and reconstruction of cruciate ligaments are usually performed, however, ligament reconstruction with transphyseal or physeal-sparing techniques may lead to physeal damage and growth disturbances in skeletally immature patients. We present a case report on performing bicruciate ligament sutures arthroscopically in an adolescent patient. ⋯ The patient returned to routine activities, including high-level competitive sports, at 8 months post-surgery, and currently, 8.5 years after surgery, remains without complications. Suture repair was able to minimize the size of the bone tunnels and to re-establish knee stability with native tissues. Therefore, the application of sutures may be a useful option for repairing multiligament knee injuries, particularly in adolescent patients.