Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2024
Behavioral interventions can improve brain injury-induced deficits in behavioral flexibility and impulsivity linked to impaired reward-feedback beta oscillations.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects a large population, resulting in severe cognitive impairments. Although cognitive rehabilitation is an accepted treatment for some deficits, studies in patients are limited in ability to probe physiological and behavioral mechanisms. Therefore, animal models are needed to optimize strategies. ⋯ The behavioral intervention improved flexibility and increased OFC activity. Intervention also reduced impulsivity, even after cues were decoupled, which was partially mediated by improvements in timing behavior. The current study established a platform to begin investigating cognitive rehabilitation in rats and identified a strong role for dysfunctional OFC signaling in probabilistic learning after frontal TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2024
An Investigation of mTBI Home Cage Behavior: The Home Cage Assay Advantages.
This study utilized the Noldus PhenoTyper Home Cage Monitoring system (HCM) to assess the behavioral and cognitive changes of experimental closed-head mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Seventy-nine adult male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were subjected to either a sham procedure or closed-head mTBI using the weight-drop model. Seven days post-injury, separate cohorts of mice underwent either a non-cognitive or a cognitive home cage assessment, a treadmill fatigue test, or the Open Field Test. mTBI significantly influenced habituation behavior and circadian wheel-running activity. ⋯ However, during the reversal learning stage, mTBI mice performed similarly to their initial discrimination learning levels, suggesting an abnormally faster rate of reversal learning. Home cage monitoring is a valuable tool for studying the subtle effects of mTBI, complementing traditional assays. The automated evaluation of habituation to novel stimuli (e.g., novel environment) could serve as a potentially sensitive tool for assessing mTBI-associated behavioral deficits.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2024
ReviewEffectiveness of non-pharmacological therapy on physical symptoms in patients with persistent concussion symptoms: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview on the effectiveness of rehabilitation on physical symptoms in patients of all ages with persistent concussion symptoms. PubMed, MEDLINE®, Cochrane library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Embase were searched from January 1, 2012 to September 1, 2023 using terms related to physical post-concussion symptoms. Eligible articles were critically appraised using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and the Quality Assessment Tool. ⋯ Finally, in a pediatric population, the use of melatonin did not produce any changes in physical persistent concussion symptoms as compared with placebo. Preliminary evidence suggests that various forms of rehabilitative therapies can improve persistent physical concussive symptoms. However, given the methodological limitations in the majority of trials, the results need to be interpreted with caution.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2024
Widespread white matter abnormalities in concussed athletes detected by 7T diffusion MRI.
Sports-related concussions may cause white matter injuries and persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS). We hypothesized that athletes with PPCS would have neurocognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities that could be revealed by advanced neuroimaging using ultra-high field strength diffusion tensor (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis (DKI) imaging metrics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. A cohort of athletes with PPCS severity limiting the ability to work/study and participate in sport school and/or social activities for ≥6 months completed 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (morphological T1-weighed volumetry, DTI and DKI), extensive neuropsychological testing, symptom rating, and CSF biomarker sampling. ⋯ In this first 7T DTI and DKI study investigating PPCS, widespread microstructural alterations were observed in the white matter, correlating with CSF markers of axonal injury. More white matter changes were observed using DKI than using DTI. These white matter alterations may indicate persistent pathophysiological processes following concussion in sport.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jul 2024
Review[Neurosurgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury].
The neurosurgical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) plays a critical role in ensuring acute survival and mitigating secondary brain damage, which significantly impacts patients' quality of life. TBI is defined as an external force impacting the skull, leading to brain injuries and subsequent functional impairments. It is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among young individuals. ⋯ Treatment aims not only to secure immediate survival but also to reduce secondary injuries, with ICP management being crucial. Neurosurgical interventions are guided by cranial pathologies, with options including ICP monitoring, burr hole trepanation, craniotomy. In severe TBI cases with refractory ICP elevation, decompressive craniectomy may be performed as a last resort, significantly reducing mortality but often resulting in high morbidity and vegetative states, necessitating careful consideration of indications.