Articles: respiratory-distress-syndrome.
-
Respiration physiology · Mar 1997
Vagal and sympathetic denervation in the development of oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema.
This study investigates the effects of autonomic denervation on extravascular lung water, pulmonary hemodynamics, the filtration coefficient of pulmonary vasculature and oxygenation in the development of pulmonary edema. Thirty seven dogs were divided into seven groups. No experimental treatment was conducted in group Nc (n = 4, sham operation) or group Nv (n = 6, bilateral vagotomy) during a 3 h observation period. ⋯ However, in oleic acid pulmonary edema, vagotomy significantly deteriorated pulmonary edema by increasing pulmonary intravascular pressures; Alpha- or alpha- and beta- sympathetic inhibition deteriorated pulmonary edema by increasing pulmonary microvascular permeability. The severity of oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema was same in the dogs with vagosympathectomy as in the dogs with intact innervation. These results suggest the inhibition of vagal or sympathetic innervation will aggravate pulmonary edema in the dog.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Mar 1997
The effects of post-treatment with lisofylline, a phosphatidic acid generation inhibitor, on sepsis-induced acute lung injury in pigs.
The effects of lisofylline [(R)-1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine] (LSF), an inhibitor of de novo phosphatidic acid (PA) generation, on sepsis-induced acute lung injury was studied using Hanford minipigs weighing 18 to 25 kg. Sepsis was induced by an intravenous infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 x 10(6)/colony-forming units/kg/min over 2 h). Saline was used as the control vehicle. ⋯ LSF treatment attenuated sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension, neutropenia, and hypoxemia, and increased MPO activity and lung injury measurements in the Pre and Post-1 h groups, but its efficacy was blunted in the Post-2 h group. Plasma TNF-alpha was decreased only in the Pre group. Thus, inhibition of intracellular PA generation through de novo pathways attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
-
Critical care medicine · Mar 1997
Pulmonary vascular permeability after cardiopulmonary bypass and its relationship to oxidative stress.
To assess the relationship between oxidative stress resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass and the onset of increased pulmonary vascular permeability. ⋯ Pulmonary vascular permeability was significantly increased in patients postcardiopulmonary bypass compared with normal subjects. This patient population also had significantly increased plasma markers of lipid peroxidation compared with normal subjects. Cardiopulmonary bypass induced further increases in lipid peroxidation products but a substantial decrease in proteinaceous primary antioxidants. In the majority of patients, there was a significant correlation between the iron saturation of transferrin and the protein accumulation index.
-
Despite good results in neonates, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is less well accepted in pediatric patients. Older children frequently undergo ECMO for severe bacterial, viral, or aspiration pneumonia and many have coexisting systemic sepsis. We reviewed data from a national registry to study the influence of sepsis on survival from ECMO. ⋯ Systemic sepsis does not independently influence survival in pediatric ECMO. This therapy should not be withheld solely because of sepsis, although neurologic complications may occur more frequently.