Articles: mortality.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Mar 2024
Observational StudyEffectiveness of a fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in previously infected individuals from Austria.
Evidence is limited on the effectiveness of a fourth vaccine dose against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in populations with prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We estimated the risk of COVID-19 deaths and SARS-CoV-2 infections according to vaccination status in previously infected individuals in Austria. ⋯ In previously infected individuals, a fourth vaccination was not associated with COVID-19 death risk, but with transiently reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections and reversal of this effect in longer follow-up. All-cause mortality data suggest healthy vaccinee bias.
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Background and Objectives: Dengue is an important public health concern that warrants an examination of the longer-term global trends of its disease burden. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in dengue incidence and mortality worldwide over the last three decades. Materials and Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out, investigating the trends in the incidence and mortality of dengue from 1990 to 2019. ⋯ Globally, the incidence of dengue exhibited an increasing tendency from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes (equally, by 1.2% per year). A significantly decreasing trend in the mortality of dengue was recorded only in females (by -0.5% per year), while an increasing trend was observed in males (by +0.6% per year). Conclusions: The rise in the number of new dengue cases and deaths in the world in the last several decades suggests a need for implementing more effective prevention and management measures.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Mar 2024
Multicenter StudyPlatelet Transfusion in Cardiac Surgery: An Entropy-Balanced, Weighted, Multicenter Analysis.
Platelet transfusion is common in cardiac surgery, but some studies have suggested an association with harm. Accordingly, we investigated the association of perioperative platelet transfusion with morbidity and mortality. ⋯ In cardiac surgery patients, perioperative platelet transfusion was associated with reduced operative and 90-day mortality. Until randomized controlled trials either confirm or refute these findings, platelet transfusion should not be deliberately avoided when considering odds of death.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Mar 2024
Observational StudyMortality and Timing of Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapies After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Two-Center Retrospective Pediatric Cohort Study.
Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Limited data exist to guide timing and method of neurologic prognostication after pediatric OHCA, making counseling on withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (WLSTs) challenging. This study investigates the timing and mode of death after pediatric OHCA and factors associated with mortality. Additionally, this study explores delayed recovery after comatose examination on day 3 postarrest. ⋯ In our two centers between 2016 and 2020, more than half the deaths after pediatric OHCA occurred after WLST, and a majority of WLST occurred within 3 days postarrest. Additional research is warranted to determine optimal timing and predictors of neurologic prognosis after pediatric OHCA to better inform families during goals of care discussions.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Mar 2024
ReviewModels for delivery and co-ordination of primary or secondary health care (or both) to older adults living in aged care facilities.
The number of older people is increasing worldwide and public expenditure on residential aged care facilities (ACFs) is expected to at least double, and possibly triple, by 2050. Co-ordinated and timely care in residential ACFs that reduces unnecessary hospital transfers may improve residents' health outcomes and increase satisfaction with care among ACF residents, their families and staff. These benefits may outweigh the resources needed to sustain the changes in care delivery and potentially lead to cost savings. Our systematic review comprehensively and systematically presents the available evidence of the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of alternative models of providing health care to ACF residents. ⋯ Compared to usual care, alternative models of care may make little or no difference to the number of emergency department visits but may reduce unplanned hospital admissions. We are uncertain of the effect of alternative care models on adverse events (i.e. falls, pressure ulcers, infections) and adherence to guidelines compared to usual care, as the certainty of the evidence is very low. Alternative models of care may have little or no effect on health-related quality of life and probably have no effect on mortality of ACF residents compared to usual care. Importantly, we are uncertain of the cost-effectiveness of alternative models of care due to the limited, disparate data available.