Articles: mortality.
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Deep vein thrombosis is increasingly being diagnosed in Ghana. The commonest complication that leads to death is pulmonary embolism. The mortality rate from massive pulmonary embolism is high even with intervention. Thrombolysis is recommended in massive embolism. ⋯ The mortality rate of patients with massive pulmonary embolism is high even after thrombolysis. The commonest complication of thrombolysis was bleeding.
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This study aimed to: (1) assess Spanish mortality trends between 1977 and 2001 and their impact on life expectancy; and (2) assess the differences in life expectancy between men and women for the period 2002-2016. ⋯ The rising trend in mortality among the 1940-1970 cohorts may be due to the increased risk of avoidable causes of death related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, traffic accidents, and drug and alcohol abuse during the mid 1980s. The decline in mortality rates in recent years could lead to a mean increase in life expectancy of 1 year per 5-year period in both genders between 2002 and 2016. An increase in life expectancy for women and a levelling off for men is expected for age groups older than 79 years.
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Res Rep Health Eff Inst · Feb 2009
The influence of improved air quality on mortality risks in Erfurt, Germany.
Around the world, daily variations in ambient air pollution have been consistently associated with variations in daily mortality. The aim of the study presented here was to assess the effects of ambient air pollution on daily mortality during a period of tremendous changes in air quality in the city of Erfurt, in eastern Germany, from October 1991 to March 2002. Data on particle size distributions were obtained from September 1995 to March 2002 at a research monitoring station. ⋯ Regression coefficients showed variation over time for NO2, CO, ultrafine particles, and O3 that could not be explained by nonlinearity in the exposure-response functions; 6. Mortality associated with pollution was lower at the end of the 1990s than during the 1990s, except for mortality associated with O3; and 7. Mortality associated with pollution was strongest in the second, transitional subperiod, from 1995 to 1998, when changes in source characteristics had taken place but the benefits of improved ambient air quality had not yet been completely achieved.
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Ther Clin Risk Manag · Feb 2009
Development of mucosal adjuvants for intranasal vaccine for H5N1 influenza viruses.
An increasing number of infections of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in humans has been reported in South-East Asia and other areas of the world. High mortality (>60%) of this viral infection and its pathosis of systemic infection are features of this new human disease. Moreover, there is great concern that this avian H5N1 virus could cause a pandemic of new influenza in humans, once it acquires the ability for human to human transmission. ⋯ In order to overcome the weakness of current vaccines we need to learn from the immune responses induced by natural infection with influenza viruses. In the case of mucosally acquired acute respiratory infection such as influenza, mucosal immunity induced by natural infection plays important role in protection against the infection, as mucosal secretory IgA antibody plays an important role in cross-protection. In this review we describe the advantages and development of mucosal vaccine against highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses.