Articles: brain-injuries.
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The cerebral cortex is selectively vulnerable to cell death after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that the ratio of mRNAs encoding proteins important for cell survival and/or cell death is altered in individual damaged neurons after injury that may contribute to the cell's fate. To investigate this possibility, we used amplified antisense mRNA (aRNA) amplification to examine the relative abundance of 31 selected candidate mRNAs in individual cortical neurons with fragmented DNA at 12 or 24 hr after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in anesthetized rats. ⋯ By 24 hr after injury, many of the mRNAs altered at 12 hr after injury had returned to baseline (sham-injured) levels except for increases in caspase-2 and bax mRNAs. These data suggest that TBI induces a temporal and selective alteration in the gene expression profiles or "molecular fingerprints" of TUNEL-positive neurons in the cerebral cortex. These patterns of gene expression may provide information about the molecular basis of cell death in this region after TBI and may suggest multiple avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Biography Historical Article Classical Article
First published record of a neurosurgical procedure on the North American continent, Mexico City, by Pedro Arias de Benavides, 1561: Secretos de Chirurgia, Valladolid, Spain, 1567.
The first published account of a neurosurgical intervention performed on the North American continent is described. The operation took place in Mexico City in 1561. The neurosurgical intervention was performed by a Spanish surgeon, Pedro Arias de Benavides, on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial fracture and exposed the cerebrum. A description of this case was first published in Valladolid, Spain, 6 years after the event, in a book entitled Secretos de Chirurgia ("Secrets of Surgery").
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jun 2000
Review Practice Guideline GuidelineThe Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Role of steroids.
The majority of available evidence indicates that steroids do not improve outcome or lower ICP in severely head-injured patients. The routine use of steroids is not recommended for these purposes.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Jun 2000
Multicenter StudyPsychological distress and family satisfaction following traumatic brain injury: injured individuals and their primary, secondary, and tertiary carers.
To assess family psychosocial outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in all family members, including relatives more peripheral to the person with the injury. ⋯ Male relatives (the majority of whom were secondary or tertiary carers) may report their distress in terms of anger and fatigue, rather than as depression and anxiety. Future research could develop TBI-specific measures of anger and fatigue as screening instruments to identify peripheral family members requiring assistance in adapting to TBI. Many families-despite their initial traumatic experience-eventually cope well, encouraging researchers and clinicians to focus future research efforts on those families who have made good adjustments to TBI.