Articles: brain-injuries.
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Seven brands of bicycle helmets were compared by means of a drop test using an instrumented Hodgson-WSU headform, on the front (F), rear (R) and left side (LS) locations from a height of 1.0m and on the right front boss (RFB) from either 1.0m or 1.75m. Acceleration signals from the headform were computer processed to yield peak acceleration and the Gadd Severity Index (GSI). Significant differences between helmets and within helmets at different locations were found. ⋯ The superiority of the polystyrene liners disappeared however when helmets were subjected to two consecutive drops to the same location (R). The results also indicated that for most cases the GSI was between 800-1200 but there were two helmets that had values in excess of 1500. Clearly not all bicycle helmets provide equivalent levels of protection and some are much superior to others.
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Visual loss due to optic nerve injury after closed head trauma constitutes a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Assessment must be made of the site of optic nerve injury, and this is often difficult in the patient with an altered level of consciousness. A decision regarding optic nerve decompression must be formulated, yet the literature is confusing with regard to operative indications. In reviewing current pathogenetic theories, clinicopathological data, and therapeutic options, this report attempts to clarify the role of surgical intervention in indirect optic nerve injury.
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In gunshot wounds of the skull, the pattern of intersecting fractures may be used to verify the direction of fire. It may be the only indicator of direction, if overlying skin is destroyed or inconclusive and if bevelling is absent in gunshot defects of thin temporal bone.
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Stud guns (powder-actuated fastening tools) are a commonly used construction tool. Accidental injuries and fatalities are no longer frequent, presumably because of current safety features and practices. A case of an intentional fatal wound (suicide) is described. A literature review of stud gun injuries is also presented.