Review
Efficacy of methods of intercostal nerve blockade for pain relief after thoracotomy.
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2005 Oct 1;80(4):1550-9.
Randomized Controlled Trial
Local infusion of bupivacaine combined with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia provides better pain relief than intravenous patient-controlled analgesia alone in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery.
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2008 Jun 1;135(6):1348-52.
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of pre-emptive analgesia and continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics.
J Cardiovasc Surg. 1994 Jun 1;35(3):219-28.