Randomized Controlled Trial

Cost-effectiveness of lumbar fusion and nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain in the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group.

Spine. 2004 Feb 15;29(4):421-34; discussion Z3.
Randomized Controlled Trial

Surgical or nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis? A randomized controlled trial.

Spine. 2007 Jan 1;32(1):1-8.
Article

Fluoroscopically guided caudal epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar spine stenosis.

Pain Physician. 2007 Jul 1;10(4):547-58.