Randomized Controlled Trial

Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates endogenous glucose release 3 days after surgery.

Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug 1;23(4):733-41.
Randomized Controlled Trial

Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration to ASA III-IV patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.

Anesth. Analg. 2006 Nov 1;103(5):1099-108.
Randomized Controlled Trial

A carbohydrate-rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients.

Anesth. Analg. 2001 Nov 1;93(5):1344-50.