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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · Jun 2020
Case ReportsHorner Syndrome induced by toxoplasmosis infection in a patient with AIDS and disseminated herpes simplex virus.
This case report describes a case of Horner syndrome resulting from central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in an immunocompromised patient. Horner Syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by unilateral miosis, ptosis with apparent enophthalmos, and anhidrosis due to inhibition of the sympathetic pathway. The ocular sympathetic pathway runs from the posterolateral hypothalamus to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V1). Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis infection is typically only seen in immunocompromised patients. To our knowledge, toxoplasmosis has never been reported as a cause of Horner syndrome. ⋯ This is the first reported case of Horner syndrome resulting from CNS toxoplasmosis. This case report and the accompanying questions provide an opportunity to review and explore the neuroanatomy and subtle symptomatic differences between various etiologies of Horner syndrome (primary, secondary, tertiary) in the context of a novel presentation. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis should be considered when investigating Horner syndrome in immunocompromised patients.
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Multicenter Study
Functional outcome of bilateral limb threatening: lower extremity injuries at two years postinjury.
To describe the functional outcome of bilateral limb-threatening injuries at 2 years postinjury and to evaluate whether a different decision-making process should be used for these patients as opposed to patients with unilateral limb-threatening injury. ⋯ The results indicate that treatment judgments should be based upon the results derived from the analysis of the larger unilateral limb cohort data. Patients with severe, bilateral lower extremity injuries should be counseled that regardless of treatment combinations, the function of each limb is similar at 24 months. The unilateral amputation/salvage group had a greater probability of going back to work. This is the major identifiable benefit to undergoing salvage versus amputation.
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The application of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) close to the dorsal root ganglia, or peripheral nerves, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain conditions. The goal of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of immediate PRF treatment after nerve injury and its possible cellular alterations in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). ⋯ Immediate PRF application on the proximal nerve injury site provided a significant inhibition of neuropathic pain formation, accompanied by the inhibition of ERK activation.
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Current drug targets · Feb 2013
ReviewCan we delay the accelerated lung aging in COPD? Anti-aging molecules and interventions.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recently characterized as a disease of accelerated lung aging. The prevalence of COPD is age-dependent suggesting an intimate relationship between the pathogenesis of COPD and aging. Lung function decline, the hallmark feature of COPD evolution, is more prominent with increasing age and this decline is greater in smoking individuals. ⋯ The above mechanisms have been associated with the accelerated lung aging in COPD patients. Numerous therapeutic interventions have been studied in an attempt to reverse accelerated lung aging, and some of them have already been tested in clinical trials. The aim of the present review is to summarize the mechanisms associated with the accelerated lung aging in COPD and to provide information about the possible therapeutic implications targeting those mechanisms.