• Xi-Tao Yang, Dong-Fu Feng, Liang Zhao, Zhao-Liang Sun, and Gang Zhao.
• Department of Neurosurgery, No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2016 May 1; 89: 93-100.

BackgroundIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combined treatment of an Ommaya reservoir and conventional external ventricular drainage (EVD) using urokinase in the management of IVH.MethodsWe performed a prospective controlled study. Sixty eligible patients with IVH received conventional EVD alone (group A) or combined EVD and Ommaya reservoir (group B) between January 2010 and January 2015. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and radiographic data were used to assess clot clearance, clinical outcomes, and complications between the groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in gender, age, blood pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, Graeb score, intracerebral hemorrhage volume on admission, and IVH volume before surgery between groups A and B (P > 0.05). The number of injections of urokinase (20,000 IU/dose) were significantly different in group B compared with group A (P < 0.05). Repeated computed tomography scans 3 days, 6 days, and 10 days after surgery revealed that clot clearance rates at each time point were significantly increased in group B compared with group A (P < 0.05). The conventional catheter-based EVD duration time was shortened to 5 (4-6) days in group B compared with 7 (5-9) days in group A (P < 0.05). The total drainage time was prolonged to 9 (8-11) days in group B compared with 7 (5-9) days in group A (P < 0.05). Ventriculitis was not significantly different between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The hydrocephalus incidence and mortality revealed significant differences between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). The 30-day Glasgow Outcome Scale score was significantly increased in group B compared with group A (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe combined treatment approach of an Ommaya reservoir and EVD with intraventricular urokinase is safe and effective in patients with IVH. It increased clot clearance, shortened conventional catheter-based EVD duration, prolonged total drainage time, reduced the hydrocephalus incidence and mortality, and contributed to good clinical outcomes. The Ommaya reservoir provides a safe way to increase the injection times of urokinase, which accelerated clot resolution and did not increase the risk for ventriculitis infection.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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