The addition of ketamine to lignocaine-based IVRA (Bier's block) significantly improved analgesia and patient satisfaction without increasing side effects.

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• Hala S Abdel-Ghaffar, Mahmoud Abdel-Azez Kalefa, and Ahmed Said Imbaby.
• From the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
• Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 Sep 1; 39 (5): 418-22.

BackgroundThis study aims to compare and evaluate the effect of adding ketamine as an adjunct to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) on intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, the onset and recovery times of sensory and motor block, and tourniquet pain.MethodsForty patients undergoing surgery of the hand or forearm under IVRA were randomly assigned to receive lidocaine 3 mg/kg (group 1) or lidocaine 3 mg/kg plus ketamine 50 mg (group 2) diluted to 40 mL with normal saline. Assessment parameters included the onset and recovery times of sensory and motor block, tourniquet pain, intraoperative hemodynamics, surgeon and patient satisfaction, postoperative pain, time of first analgesic request, total analgesic consumption, and adverse effects in the first 24 hours postoperatively.ResultsGroups 1 and 2 were comparable in demographic and surgical parameters. There were no differences between groups in intraoperative hemodynamics, onset and recovery times of sensory and motor block, or surgeon satisfaction index. Compared with group 1, group 2 patients showed less tourniquet pain, prolonged time to first request for postoperative rescue analgesia (5.5 ± 1.3 vs 20.4 ± 3.7 hours, P < 0.001), lower postoperative diclofenac consumption (120.00 ± 45.23 vs 55.1 ± 0.00 mg, P < 0.001), lower scores for postoperative pain as measured by the Verbal Rating Scale, higher patient satisfaction index, and a nonsignificant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse effects between groups.ConclusionsThe addition of ketamine to lidocaine in patients receiving IVRA significantly reduced intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements and improved patient satisfaction without causing significant adverse effects.

This article appears in the collections: Regional anaesthesia and Ketamine in general.

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