Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Dec 1990
Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria.
Children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD+H; N = 48) were compared with those without hyperactivity (ADD-H; N = 42), as well as with learning disabled and control children, on an extensive battery of interviews, behavior ratings, tests, and direct observations. ADD+H children had more externalizing and internalizing symptoms by parent and teacher report, were more off task during vigilance testing, and had more substance abuse, ADD+H, and aggression among their relatives than did the other groups. ADD-H children were more day-dreamy and lethargic by teacher report, more impaired in perceptual-motor speed, and had more anxiety disorders among their relatives than did ADD+H children. Results indicate that these 2 types of ADD may be separate, distinct childhood disorders rather than subtypes of a common attention deficit.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Oct 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffectiveness of behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain: a component analysis.
The effects of outpatient group behavioral therapy including aerobic exercise (BE), behavioral therapy only (B), and aerobic exercise only (E) on pain and physical and psychosocial disability were evaluated and compared in a group of mildly disabled chronic low-back-pain patients. Ninety-six Ss were randomly assigned to the 3 treatments and a waiting-list control (WL) condition and assessed on a variety of patient self-report, spouse-rated, and direct observational measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Patients in the BE condition, but not the B or E conditions, improved significantly more pretreatment to posttreatment than did WL patients on the patient self-report and observer-rated measures. At both follow-ups, all 3 treatment groups remained significantly improved from pretreatment, with no significant differences among treatments.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Oct 1990
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialBehavioral intervention to reduce child and parent distress during venipuncture.
This study investigated a behavioral intervention incorporating parent coaching, attentional distraction, and positive reinforcement to control child distress during invasive cancer treatment. Children (N = 23) requiring physical restraint to complete venipuncture were alternately assigned to either a behavioral intervention or an attention control condition. Child distress behaviors were recorded, and self-reports of parent, child, and nurse distress were obtained. ⋯ Results of planned comparisons indicate that observed child distress, parent-rated child distress, and parent ratings of his/her own distress were significantly reduced by behavioral intervention and were maintained across the course of three intervention trials. The use of physical restraint to manage child behavior was also significantly reduced. Child self-reported pain and nurse ratings of child distress were not significantly affected.
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A study was conducted to examine the role of pain episodes and the role of active and passive pain coping strategies in predicting depression in 287 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The independent effects of pain and pain coping strategies, as well as the interaction effects between pain and pain coping strategies on depression, were evaluated cross-sectionally and prospectively over a 6-month interval. ⋯ These results were obtained after controlling for the potentially confounding effects of prior depression, functional disability, and medication status. These data imply that there may be a potential benefit of developing techniques to reduce the use of passive pain coping strategies to deal with chronic arthritis pain in cognitive-behavioral pain management programs.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Jun 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialActive coping reduces reports of pain from childbirth.
Two studies were conducted in which pain and negative moods during labor were examined in relation to two key, independent variables: instructions to monitor labor contractions given to parturients on admission to the labor service and attendance at LaMaze (childbirth preparation) classes. In Study 1 (N = 48) pain and negative moods showed a sharp decline at Stage 2 (active labor) for women told to monitor and those who had attended classes; there was no decline for the control group. ⋯ Of the three different mechanisms used to derive hypotheses, schema-directed coping provided the best account for the decline in pain and distress during active labor. A second mechanism, accurate expectations, seemed to account for the enhanced energy at the point of admission, in anticipation of birth.