Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Several studies have focused on the safety of withholding anticoagulant therapy in patients with negative results on helical computed tomography (CT). However, these studies were either retrospective or had a selection bias, since spiral CT was performed only in selected patients. Moreover, no special attention has been directed towards an alternative diagnosis which might explain patients' signs and symptoms. ⋯ With the limitations of a small single-center series, our data suggest that withholding anticoagulation in patients with suspected acute PE and negative CT results appears to be safe when the clinical probability of PE is assessed as low or intermediate. This technique also provides useful information to pose an alternative diagnosis. US could be avoided in patients without clinical suspicion of DVT.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of experimental lung injury from acute renal failure with injury due to sepsis.
Acute renal failure (ARF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) coexist frequently, and the mortality rate of this combination is very high. It is well established that cytokines and chemokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. In addition, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to be protective against ARDS. ⋯ We conclude that the pathophysiology of ARDS following ARF is distinct from that in sepsis. ARF-induced ARDS is characterized by a low level of cellular infiltration, induction of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 2, and a discrete expression profile of HSPs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Efficacy of nebulized flunisolide combined with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The efficacy of nebulized corticosteroids in the prevention of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been poorly studied. ⋯ Nebulized flunisolide is a good alternative to other inhaled corticosteroids when added to nebulized salbutamol/ipratropium bromide in the long-term treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The effect of tiotropium on hyperinflation and exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation, which results in the progressive development of dyspnea and exercise limitation. ⋯ Tiotropium 18 mug once daily reduced hyperinflation with consequent improvements in walking distance and HRQoL in patients with COPD and lung hyperinflation.