Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) refers to a heterogeneous group of lung disorders in infants that is commonly associated with prematurity and surfactant deficiency. BPD results from the complex interplay between impairments in the premature lung such as surfactant deficiency, perinatal insults such as infection, and damage resulting from supportive care of the infant due to barotrauma or volutrauma from mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity from supplemental oxygen administration. ⋯ The term 'new' BPD is now commonly used, to describe the changes seen in the post-surfactant era. This discussion reviews the pathogenesis of BPD according to the current medical literature.
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Comparative Study
Long-term survival after hospitalization for community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Elderly patients surviving community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have subsequent increased mortality. However, little is known regarding long-term survival in younger adults or those with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). ⋯ Admission for HCAP, and to a lesser degree CAP, is associated with increased long-term mortality even in young patients. Future studies are warranted to identify interventions to improve survival in this population.
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Cryoextraction is a procedure used for the recanalization of obstructed airways caused by visible exophytic endobronchial tumor. Biopsy samples obtained by this technique have been shown to be useful for histological assessment. ⋯ Since cryobiopsy sampling is not associated with a higher bleeding risk compared with forceps biopsy, this new biopsy technique offers--in addition to a good specimen quality--a safe and valuable tool with the potential of improving the outcome of diagnostic endoscopy.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of suction catheter versus forceps biopsy for sampling of solitary pulmonary nodules guided by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy.
Electromagnetic navigation has been approved for use as an adjunct to standard bronchoscopy. The diagnostic yield varies depending on the size of the lesion and successful navigation to the lesion. ⋯ ENB is a useful tool in the evaluation of SPN <3 cm in diameter. For malignant lesions, sampling by catheter aspiration is associated with a higher diagnostic yield than sampling by forceps biopsy alone, in particular when EBUS could not confirm lesion location prior to sampling.
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Comparative Study
Comparative effectiveness of low- and high-fidelity bronchoscopy simulation for training in conventional transbronchial needle aspiration and user preferences.
Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) can be learned using high-fidelity virtual-reality platforms and low-fidelity models comprised of molded silicone or excised animal airways. ⋯ Based on learner and instructor perceptions, a low-fidelity model is superior to a high-fidelity platform for training in three methods of conventional TBNA.