Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
-
The silicone Y-stent has mainly been used for the treatment of lesions around the main carina, and only a few case reports have been published on the technique for the lesions around the secondary left carina (LC2). ⋯ Silicone Y-stent placement on LC2 is technically feasible, effective and acceptably safe.
-
Careful clinical staging in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is fundamental in management planning. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is increasingly recognized as an important staging modality. ⋯ PET/CT data may be predictive of thoracoscopic features of MPM associated with prognosis and staging, but the correlation is moderate at best. A degree of disagreement exists between these two modalities, which supports thoracoscopy as the gold standard for assessment of local invasion in MPM.
-
Observational Study
Usefulness of the Exhaled Breath Temperature Plateau in Asthma Patients.
Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has recently been proposed as a noninvasive marker of bronchial inflammation in patients with asthma. However, the usefulness of EBT in everyday clinical practice is not well established. Results to date are contradictory and are mainly derived from small, pediatric populations. A comparison of results is further complicated by the use of different equipment and measurements. ⋯ The results of this study do not support the usefulness of the EBTp in asthma management in routine clinical practice. Further research using standardized methods is needed to determine the potential use of the EBTp measurement in asthma management.
-
The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in regulating the inflammatory response in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthmatic patients is unclear. ⋯ p-p38 MAPK expression is similar in stable COPD and control subjects but increased in the bronchi of mild asthmatics compared to stable COPD patients. p38 MAPK mRNA is increased after bronchial epithelial challenges in vitro. These data together suggest a potential role for this MAPK in Th2 inflammation and possibly during COPD exacerbations.
-
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting inherited disease in Caucasian populations. While pathological changes can be seen in various organs, morbidity and mortality are mainly related to the respiratory tract, with patients suffering from chronic bronchopulmonary infections with characteristic pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus. ⋯ While a large number of strains exhibited resistance to one or several antimicrobial agents, methicillin-resistant S. aureus was found at a low prevalence of 3% (n = 2) only. The two methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were assigned to CC152/t355 (SCCmecV) and CC5/t001 (SCCmecI). This is the first study to genetically characterize S. aureus isolates in CF patients in Austria.